Analysis and evaluation of bioactive constituents from different parts of Epimedium brevicornum / 中国中药杂志

A comprehensive analytical method based on ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry(UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was established for simultaneous determination of the content of 45 bioactive constituents including flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, phenolic acids, and nucleosides in Epimedium brevicornum. The multiple bioactive constituents in leaves, petioles, stems and rhizomes of E. brevicornum were analyzed. The gradient elution was performed at 30 ℃ in an XBridge~® C_(18) column(4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm) with 0.4% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1). Single factor experiment and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the extraction conditions. Multivariate statistical analyses including systematic cluster analysis(SCA), principal component analysis(PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), and one-way analysis of variance(One-way ANOVA) were carried out to classify the samples from different parts and identify different constituents. Grey relation analysis(GRA) and entropy weight-TOPSIS analysis were performed to build a multi-index comprehensive evaluation model for different parts of E. brevicornum. The results showed that there was a good relationship between the mass concentrations of 45 constituents and the corresponding peak areas, with the correlation coefficients(r) not less than 0.999 0. The precision, repeatability, and stability of the established method were good for all the target constituents in this study, with the relative standard deviations(RSDs) less than 5.0%(0.62%-4.9%) and the average recovery of 94.51%-105.7%. The above results indicated that the bioactive constituents varied in different parts of E. brevicornum, and the overall quality followed the trend of leaves > petioles > rhizomes > stems. This study verified the rationality of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) stipulating that the medicinal part of E. brevicornum is the leaf. Moreover, our study indicated that the rhizome had the potential for medicinal development. The established method was accurate and reliable, which can be used to comprehensive evaluate and control the quality of E. brevicornum. This study provides data reference for clarifying the medicinal parts and rationally utilizing the resources of E. brevicornum.

A prevalence survey of cone-beam computed tomography use among endodontic practitioners / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical application of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) among endodontic practitioners, and to analyze the indications and reasonability of CBCT in the diagnosis and treatment of pulpal and periapical diseases.@*METHODS@#The clinical data were collected from patients who visited the Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and underwent CBCT examination from January to December, 2021. The data with their complete clinical information (including clinical records, radiology request forms/reports, two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging data) were included. Those who underwent CBCT examination for orthodontic or prosthodontics were excluded. The experience and training background of the endodontic specialists, the number of patients treated in the whole year, the objective and region of interest (ROI) of CBCT examination, technical parameters, such as machine type, field of view (FoV) and radiographic reports were collected and analyzed to evaluate the impact on diagnosis. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the distribution of CBCT ROI. Chi-squared test and pairwise comparison were used to compare the application of CBCT by endodontic specialists with different clinical experience (senior, middle and junior).@*RESULTS@#In 2021, a total of 3 308 CBCT scans were prescribed by 61 endodontic specialists who treated 34 952 patients throughout the year. 3 218 patients (male ∶female about 1 ∶2) amounting for 10% of the patients treated in the whole year who received CBCT scans with an median age of 35 years (28, 49). Around 98% CBCT examinations were performed after clinical examination and two-dimensional periapical radiographs were taken. The FoV of CBCT scanning less than 10 cm×10 cm accounted for 96% of the total number of the images. Among the 3 308 CBCT scans, 83% of the ROI were in posterior teeth, with a higher number of anterior teeth (Z=-2.278, P < 0.05). Maxillary and mandibular first molars accounted for 35% of the examined teeth. The objectives of CBCT scanning included three aspects: clarifying clinical diagnosis, guiding surgical and non-surgical endodontic treatment (including management of endodontic complications), and outcome assessment, accounting for 1 111 (34%), 1 745 (54%), 311 (10%), respectively. and the others 2%. In the diagnosis process, CBCT was mainly used for the diagnosis of chronic periapical periodontitis, root fracture, root resorption and dental trauma. In the study, 353 CBCT were used in the diagnosis of root fracture, with a positive diagnosis rate of 35% (125/353). 846 CBCT used to reveal the anatomy of the root canal system, of which 297 cases were used to find missed/extra canals after treatment failure, and 58% (171/297) were used to confirm the missed/extra canals. In the management of complications or errors, CBCT was mainly used to assist the diagnosis of perforation and to locate the separated instruments. In the study, 311 CBCT scans were used for outcome assessment, including 240 cases related to non-surgical treatment and 71 cases related to surgical endodontic treatment for follow-up or presence of clinical symptoms, and persistent lesions on 2D films. Among the 61 endodontic specialists who used CBCT, 23 (45%) were with senior experience, 15 (30%) with middle experience, and 23 (25%) with junior experience. The proportion of senior or junior experience prescribing CBCT examination was 10%, higher than that of middle experience (8%, χ12=39.4, χ22=29.1, P < 0.001). The application rate of chief endodontists was 18%, which was higher than that of associate chief endodontists (9%, χ12=139.4, P < 0.001). 31% (1 109/3 308) cases of diagnosis or treatment plans were changed after CBCT was taken.@*CONCLUSION@#Use of CBCT in endodontic practice could provide more clinical information, which is helpful for diagnosis, accurate treatment and prognosis evaluation.

Effect and mechanism of leonurine on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effects of leonurine(Leo) on abdominal aortic constriction(AAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats and its mechanism. A rat model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy was established by AAC method. After 27-d intervention with high-dose(30 mg·kg~(-1)) and low-dose(15 mg·kg~(-1)) Leo or positive control drug losartan(5 mg·kg~(-1)), the cardiac function was evaluated by hemodynamic method, followed by the recording of left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVESP), as well as the maximum rate of increase and decrease in left ventricular pressure(±dp/dt_(max)). The degree of left ventricular hypertrophy was assessed based on heart weight index(HWI) and left ventricular mass index(LVWI). Myocardial tissue changes and the myocardial cell diameter(MD) were measured after hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The contents of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1 R) in myocardial tissue were detected by ELISA. The level of Ca~(2+) in myocardial tissue was determined by colorimetry. The protein expression levels of phospholipase C(PLC), inositol triphosphate(IP3), AngⅡ, and AT1 R were assayed by Western blot. Real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) was employed to determine the mRNA expression levels of β-myosin heavy chain(β-MHC), atrial natriuretic factor(ANF), AngⅡ, and AT1 R. Compared with the model group, Leo decreased the LVSP, LVEDP, HWI, LVWI and MD values, but increased ±dp/dt_(max) of the left ventricle. Meanwhile, it improved the pathological morphology of myocardial tissue, reduced cardiac hypertrophy, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the protein expression levels of PLC, IP3, AngⅡ, AT1 R, as well as the mRNA expression levels of β-MHC, ANF, AngⅡ, AT1 R, c-fos, and c-Myc in myocardial tissue. Leo inhibited AAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy possibly by influencing the RAS system.

Intervention effect of adaptive computerized cognitive training in patients with mild cognitive impairment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of the adaptive computerized cognitive training(ACCT) on patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods:A total of 114 patients with mild cognitive impairment (53 cases in the treatment group and 61 cases in the observation group) were selected.In the treatment group, routine treatment combined with ACCT were given for 24 weeks, then routine treatment only for 24 weeks, 48 weeks altogether. In the observation group, routine treatment was given for 48 weeks.At week 0, 24, 48, both groups were assessed by scales including: mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA), numerical memory span test, activities of daily living, Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA). SAS 9.4 was used for statistical analysis.The data were analyzed by χ 2 test, rank sum test and multi-level model analysis. Results:Interactions between group and time on MMSE( treatment group: 0 week 22.0 (21.0, 23.0), 24 weeks 24.0 (24.0, 25.0), 48 weeks 25.0 (24.0, 26.0); observation group: 0 week 23.0 (21.0, 24.0), 24 weeks 23.0 (21.0, 24.0), 48 weeks 23.0 (21.0, 24.0)), MoCA( treatment group: 0 week 18.0 (17.0, 20.0), 24 weeks 22.0 (20.0, 23.0), 48 weeks 22.0 (20.0, 24.0); observation group: 0 week 19.0 (17.0, 20.0), 24 weeks 19.0 (18.0, 20.0), 48 weeks 19.0 (18.0, 20.0)), IADL( treatment group: 0 week 11.0 (10.0, 13.0), 24 weeks 12.0 (10.0, 12.0), 48 weeks 12.0 (10.0, 12.0); observation group: 0 week 12.0 (11.0, 13.0), 24 weeks 11.0 (10.0, 12.0), 48 weeks 11.0 (10.0, 12.0)), DST-forwards and HAMD scores were significant(all P<0.05), and DST-backwards had significant group main effect ( P<0.05). Further simple effect analysis showed that the influence of group and time on MMSE, MoCA and DST-forwards were statistically significant (all P<0.05), and the influence of time on IADL and HAMD were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Further comparison of the difference between the two groups at each time point: D-value of MMSE, MoCA, DST-forwards, and DST-backwards score in the treatment group were higher than those in the observation group, while D-value of HAMD score was lower than that in the observation group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:ACCT may have long term effect on improving the cognitive function and depression of MCI patients.

Characteristics of serum uric acid distribution in occupation, age, gender groups and its influencing factors in physical examination subjects in Nanjing from 2012 to 2016 / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To investigate the distribution of uric acid in different occupation, age and gender groups, and changes of prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) and its influencing factors in healthy adults who receiving physical examination in Nanjing.Methods:The study was conducted in 107 478 subjects who received physical examination from 2012 to 2016. The prevalence of HUA in different genders and different years was compared. Subjects were divided into non-HUA and HUA groups according to serum uric acid. The differences in metabolic indicators and ages between two groups were analyzed. Uric acid levels among different occupations were evaluated. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios ( OR) of HUA. Results:The total HUA prevalence was 14.9%, in which the prevalence of HUA in men was significantly higher than that in women [20.5%(15217/74339)vs .2.5%(818/33139), P<0.01]. The prevalence of HUA in men sustained at a high level, while that in women trended to decrease during the five years. The prevalence of HUA increased with age in women (1.0%, 0.7%, 0.9%, 2.7%, 3.8% and 9.6% in subjects within 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and ≥70 age groups, respectively, Pfor trend<0.01). The percentages of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) in both men and women were significantly higher in HUA group than those in non-HUA group ( P≤0.01). Among all occupations, subjects in health care had the lowest levels of uric acid (298±91 μmol/L) and prevalence of HUA (10.4%), while, those in public security had the highest levels of uric acid [(342±82) μmol/L] and prevalence (16.5%). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that males, high triacylglycerol, high cholesterol, obesity and certain occupation were significantly associated with HUA. Conclusions:The prevalence of HUA in men is significantly higher than that in women. It increased with ages in women. Subjects in health occupations had the lowest levels of uric acid and HUA prevalence, while, those in public security had the highest levels among the six occupations. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, occupations and males are positively associated with HUA.

Investigation on Community-based Rehabilitation Resources in Shanghai, China / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the rehabilitation resources of community health centers in Shanghai. Methods:December, 2018, all 247 community health centers in 16 districts of Shanghai were investigated with Health Institution Questionnaires, including the number of rehabilitation personnel (physiatrician, physical therapists) and the number of rehabilitation beds, etc. Results:There were 152 physiatrician and 597 physical therapists in community health centers in Shanghai. The numbers of physiatrician and physical therapists per 1000 registered population were 0.01 and 0.04, and were 0.03 and 0.12 for per 1000 registered elderly population. There were 17 484 beds in community health centers, in which the rehabilitation beds were 1425, accounting for 8.15%. Besides, the numbers of rehabilitation beds per 1000 registered population and registered elderly population in Shanghai were 0.10 and 0.30. Conclusion:The development of community-based rehabilitation in Shanghai is unbalanced. There is lack of community-based rehabilitation resources, the supply of service is insufficient, and there is gap between supply and demand. It is suggested to strengthen the support to community-based rehabilitation, and improve the supply of community-based rehabilitation resources.

Study on GLI values of Polygonatum odoratum base on multi-temporal of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing / 中国中药杂志

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) remote sensing and vegetation index have great potential in the field of Chinese herbal medicine planting. In this study, the visible light image of Polygonatum odoratum planting area in Changyi district of Jilin province were acquired by UAV, and the real-time monitoring of P. odoratum planting area was realized. The green leaf index(GLI) was established, and GLI values of P. odoratum were collected used the spatial sampling points. To compare the GLI values in different periods, it was found that the GLI values of P. odoratum have three stages changing rule of rising-gentle-falling related to the germination, vigorous growth and withered of P. odoratum growth. Meanwhile, the GLI values were compared with four biomass data of P. odoratum, including plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in leaves, and it was found that the GLI value was related to the growth potential of P. odoratum. The GLI value with a rapid increase in rising stage or at a high level in the gentle stage means the P. odoratum was in a better growth potential. GLI value has a same change trend with plant height, and has certain correlation with plant height and leaf area. However, there is no obvious relationship between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in leaves and GLI value. The study clarified the change rule of GLI value of P. odoratum, explained the reason for the change of GLI value, and expanded the application range of GLI. The research shows that UAV and vegetation index can be applied to monitoring the Chinese herbal medicines planting, and provides a new idea for exploring more effective information extraction methods of Chinese herbal medicines.

Research Progress and Forensic Identification of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy / 法医学杂志

With the rapid development of the social economy in China, the incidence of diseases caused by excessive drinking is gradually increasing as well. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy refers to long-term high intake of ethanol, and has typical dilated cardiomyopathy characteristics, such as, hemodynamic changes, symptoms, signs, and morphological features. It is a kind of cardiomyopathy that excludes other causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. Due to the lack of specific pathological changes, the forensic pathological identification of alcoholic cardiomyopathy can only be based on the patient's medical history and by ruling out other causes of cardiomyopathy. This paper reviews the pathogenesis and forensic identification of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in order to provide reference for forensic pathologists and clinicians.

Statistical Analysis of the Heart and Lung Mass in Forensic Anatomical Cases and Its Forensic Significance / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the differences of heart mass and lung mass in forensic autopsy cases and to explore their application value in forensic identification. Methods The data from 1 614 autopsy cases accepted by center of Medico-legal Investigation of China Medical University between 2007 to 2016 were collected. The correlation of heart and lung mass with age, height, body weight, and body mass index （BMI）, as well as differences in different causes of death were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 6.0 software. Results The heart mass and lung mass of males were higher than those of females （P<0.05）. The heart mass of males and females was positively correlated with age, height, body weight and body mass index （BMI） （P<0.05）. The heart mass of patients dying from sudden cardiac death （SCD） was significantly higher than those dying from other causes of death. The lung mass of patients dying from drowning and delayed treatment was higher than those dying from other causes of death （P<0.05）. Conclusion In forensic practice, measurement of the heart mass and lung mass has certain significance for differential diagnosis and diagnosis of different causes of death.

Effect of Corpse Cryopreservation on Forensic Pathological Identification / 法医学杂志

Because cryopreservation can effectively slow down the putrefaction and prolong the preservation time of corpses, it has become the main way of corpse preservation in China. However, it may cause a certain degree of non-specific effects on the corpses and thus interfere with forensic pathological identification. This paper summarizes relevant problems reported in domestic and foreign literature reports and practical identification, and analyzes the effects of cryopreservation on corpses from aspects of anatomical findings, histomorphology, postmortem biochemistry, and postmortem imaging, therefore to provide Chinese forensic workers assistance on problems in their practice of forensic pathology.

Forensic Pathological Identification and Antidiastole of Commotio Cordis / 法医学杂志

Commotio cordis （CC） is the acute death caused by the cardiac rhythm disorder after a sudden blunt external force to the precordium of a healthy person without previous heart disease. As one type of violent heart damage, CC is rare with relatively small external force and sudden death, therefore causing disputes. This paper reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms and the key points in forensic identification of CC, discusses the identification and antidiastole of CC, myocardial contusion, sudden cardiac death and death from inhibition, and provides assistance to forensic pathologists to identify such causes of death.

Study on davallia mariesil flavones improving condition of osteoporosis via Notch signaling pathway / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect and mechanism of davallia mariesil flavones (DMF) improving osteoporosis via Notch signaling pathway.Methods:(1) 120 cases patients with osteoporosis in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were analyzed,and divided into experiment group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases) using digital random grouping method.Experiment group was treated with DMF combined with D-calfor.Control group was treated with D-calfor only.After treatment, the levels of serum calcium,serum phosphor,TNF-α,MCP-1 and IL-6 in serum were detected to evaluate the clinical efficacy.(2) Bone marrow stromal cells were separated and cultivate.NC group:DMEM(contain 10% FBS).RA group:RA(0.4 mmol/L).DMF+RA group:DMEM(contain DMF)+RA(0.4 mmol/L).Jaggedl+RA group:Jaggedl(1 000 μg/L)+RA(0.4 mmol/L).Jaggedl+DMF+RA group:Jaggedl(1 000 μg/L)+DMEM(contain DMF)+RA(0.4 mmol/L).DAPT+RA group:DAPT(16 μmol/L)+RA(0.4 mmol/L). DAPT+DMF+RA group:DAPT(16 μmol/L)+DMEM(contain DMF)+RA(0.4 mmol/L).Western blotting assays and PCR were performed to assess mRNA and protein levels of Notch-1,Hes-1.Results: (1) In clinical study,the effective rate in treatment group was obviously higher than control group (91.67%>76.67%,P<0.05).The levels of serum calcium and serum phosphor in the experiment group was higher than in the control group (P<0.05).The levels of TNF-α,MCP-1 and IL-6 in the experiment group was lower than in the control group (P<0.05).(2) In experimental study,compared with the RA group,the expressions of Notch-1,Hes-1 mRNA and protein were upregulated in Jaggedl+RA group,but were downregulated in DAPT+RA group,DMF+RA group (P<0.05). Compared with the Jaggedl+RA group,the expressions of Notch-1,Hes-1 mRNA and protein were downregulated in Jaggedl+DMF+RA group (P<0.05).Compared with the DAPT+RA group,the expressions of Notch-1,Hes-1 mRNA and protein were downregulated in DAPT+DMF+RA group (P<0.05).Conclusion:DMF could improve the condition of osteoporosis.The mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway by DMF.

Instructional mode of biomedical electronics based on constructivism / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To demonstrate the feasibility and necessity of constructivist pedagogy for teaching biomedical electronics so as to create a new instructional mode. Methods The new mode for teaching biomedical electronics was discussed from two aspects of teaching thought and practice with considerations on constructivist pedagogy connotation as well as the actualities of teaching resources and object. Results Instructional thoughts which boosted students' thinking ability,learning habits and confidence were developed.The instructional practice,which included integrated teaching units, problem-based discussion,task-driven experiment content,was also been achieved.Conclusion The reform of instructional mode gains high practical effect, and provides pedagogical implications to other specialized courses of biomedical engineering.

Meta-analysis for efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin and simvastatin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of rosuvastatin and simvastatin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Methods The database including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang data base and CBM were retrieved to search the clinical randomized controlled trials (RCT) of rosuvastatin and simvastatin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and the data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.2. Results Eighteen RCTs were included with a total sample size of 1819 cases with hyperlipidemia, in which there were 917 patients in rosuvastatin group and 902 in simvastatin group. The Meta-analysis results showed that there were significantly lower serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and significantly higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in rosuvastatin group compared with those of simvastatin group [(MD=-0.15, 95%CI:-0.22--0.09, P<0.01), (MD=-0.18, 95%CI:-0.25--0.11, P<0.01), (MD=-0.23, 95%CI:-0.28--0.19, P<0.01) and (MD=-0.11, 95%CI:-0.06--0.15, P<0.01)]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reaction between the two groups. Conclusion The current clinical evidences show that rosuvastatin has a better effect on the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and has no adverse reactions.

Simutaneous determination of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. by in situ pretreatment-thin layer chromatography scanning / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of ursolic acid(UA)and oleanolic acid(OA) in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.,and the quantitative determination the UA and OA contents in the different Z. clinopodioides plant samples collected with various parts of the plant at different times,from different regions of Xinjiang,China. Methods Dual wave?length scanning method was used for the quantification of UA and OA spots on a silica gel G plate in the TLC analysis. The samples loaded on the silica gel G plate were in situ treated with the 1%iodine solution in dichloromethane,and then the plate was developed using cyclohexane,cyclohexane-chloroform-ethyl acetate-formic acid(20:5:8:0.1)as the developing solvent. In the dual wavelength scanning,the measurement wavelength was 530 nm and the reference wavelength was 700 nm. Results The UA and OA spots in samples were well separated on the TLC plate and could be simultaneously quantified by the present method. The average contents of UA and OA in Z. clinopodioides plant samples from 18 different areas were(1.84 ± 0.41)and(2.82 ± 0.89)mg/g,respectively. The contents of UA and OA in the plant increased from late spring to early summer and then decreased thereafter. As to the different parts of the plant,the contents of UA and OA were highest in leaves and lowest in stems. Conclusion The method is simple,fast and accu?rate. The present results provided basic data for further evaluation of the quality of Z. clinopodioides resources.

Application of quality control circle activity in the treatment of infantile pneumoniabyaerosolinhalation / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To research application of quality control circle activity in the treatment of infantile pneumonia by aerosol inhalation. Methods Carry out the quality control circle activity with the theme of "improving the efficiency of the oxidation atomization inhalation", using the method of PDCA cycle, statistics of inhalation of children, analyze the reasons for the failure of atomization inhalation, set up the improvement target, make the countermeasure and organize the implementation. Then clinical symptoms (the time of evacuation, the time of lung rale disappearance and the time of fever suppression ), hospitalization time, Heart failure rate, nosocomial infection rate, recurrence rate, compliance, satisfaction degree, treatment effect were compared two groups of quality control circle activities before and after. Results After implementation, children with wheeze disappearance time, pulmonary rales disappeared time, cooling time, hospitalization time were significantly lower than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); Incidence of heart failure, nosocomial infection rate, recurrence rate were significantly lower than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), compliance were significantly higher than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); Nursing satisfaction were significantly higher than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); total effective rate were significantly higher than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Quality control circle activity can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of children's pneumonia by aerosol inhalation, can reduce the occurrence of adverse events, is conducive to the prognosis of children, so as to improve treatment efficacy and satisfaction.

Expression of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Myocardial Tissue of Sudden Cardiac Death and Non-sudden Cardiac Death / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the expression pattern of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in myocardial tissue from forensic routine cases and to explore its application value in the forensic determination of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Methods The data of 96 autopsy cases accepted by the center of Medico-legal Investigation of China Medical University between December 2008 to May 2014 were collected. There were 62 cases in SCD group cardiac and 34 cases in non-SCD group. The myocardial tissues were taken from left and right ventricular wall, respectively. The expressions of BNP protein and BNP mRNA in myocardial tissue were detected by HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, Western blot-ting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), etc. Results The immunohistochemical staining of myocardial tissue showed diffusely positive staining in SCD group, and patchily or diffusely positive staining in non-SCD group with lighter degree. The result of Western blotting showed that the expression of BNP protein elevated in left ventricular wall of SCD group. The result of RT-qPCR showed a positive correlation between the BNP mRNA expressions in bilateral ven-tricular walls and the heart weight, bilateral lung weight, and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration. There were large differences between the BNP mRNA concentra-tions in SCD group and non-SCD group, and the former was statistically higher (P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of BNP protein and BNP mRNA in myocardial tissue are related to the causes of death. Combined with pathological changes, the expressions of BNP protein and BNP mRNA in myocar-dial tissue have certainly practical significance for the determination of SCD and the analysis of the death mechanism in the cases related to forensic pathology.

Application of quality control circle activity in the treatment of infantile pneumoniabyaerosolinhalation / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To research application of quality control circle activity in the treatment of infantile pneumonia by aerosol inhalation. Methods Carry out the quality control circle activity with the theme of "improving the efficiency of the oxidation atomization inhalation", using the method of PDCA cycle, statistics of inhalation of children, analyze the reasons for the failure of atomization inhalation, set up the improvement target, make the countermeasure and organize the implementation. Then clinical symptoms (the time of evacuation, the time of lung rale disappearance and the time of fever suppression ), hospitalization time, Heart failure rate, nosocomial infection rate, recurrence rate, compliance, satisfaction degree, treatment effect were compared two groups of quality control circle activities before and after. Results After implementation, children with wheeze disappearance time, pulmonary rales disappeared time, cooling time, hospitalization time were significantly lower than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); Incidence of heart failure, nosocomial infection rate, recurrence rate were significantly lower than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), compliance were significantly higher than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); Nursing satisfaction were significantly higher than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); total effective rate were significantly higher than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Quality control circle activity can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of children's pneumonia by aerosol inhalation, can reduce the occurrence of adverse events, is conducive to the prognosis of children, so as to improve treatment efficacy and satisfaction.

Determination of five kinds of trace ginkgolic acids in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials by LC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

To develop a LC-MS/MS method for the determination of five kinds of trace ginkgolic acids in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials, the column was Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18 (3.0 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 µm), and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (containing 0.2% formic acid) (95:5) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL · min(-1). The multiple reaction ion monitoring (MRM) with an ESI interface in the negative ion mode was selected. The results showed that the linear ranges of five kinds of ginkgolic acids were in the range of 0.2-36.0 µg · L(-1) (r ≥ 0.999 5). The lowest limit of quantification (LOQ) of ginkgo acid C13: 0, C15:1, C17:2, C15:0 and C17:1 were 0.18, 0.18, 0.21, 0.10 and 0.20 µg · L(-1), respectively. The average recovery was between 73.28% and 87.56%, and the average content of total ginkgolic acids in three batches of samples was in the range of 0.023-0.028 µg · g(-1), which was much lower than 2 µg · g(-1) prescribed in drug registration standards. This method is simple and rapid with high sensitivity, which can be used for the determination of five kinds of trace ginkgolic acids in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials.

Absolute bioavailability of ginkgolide compounds in rats / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and absolute bioavailability of ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB) and bilobalide (BB) in rats. In this experiment, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) method was established to determine the plasma concentrations of GA, GB and BB in rats after rats were administrated with the three drugs through ig and iv respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability of three ginkgolide compounds were obtained by using pharmacokinetic software DAS 2. 0. After the inject of GA, GB and BB, the results showed Cmax at (513.9 ± 116.9), (701.3 ± 76.0), (5,255.6 ± 476.8) µg · L(-1) and AUC0.24h of (960.9 ± 268.5), (779.5 ± 140.6), (7,409.3 ± 1,181.1) µg · h · L(-1), respectively; after the oral administration, the results showed Cmax at (522.9 ± 39.9), (146.8 ± 31.6), (2,711.9 ± 588.9) µg · L(-1) and AUC0-24 h of (1,760.4 ± 300.7), (636.6 ± 180.3), (16,651.4 ± 1,306.5) µg · h · L(-1), respectively. The absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats was (61.1 ± 10.4)%, (27.2 ± 7.7)%, (56.2 ± 4.4)%, respectively. The method established in this experiment has a good specificity and sensitivity and so can be used to study the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats.